Husserl y la fenomenología trascendental

Perspectivas del sujeto en las ciencias del siglo XX

Abstract

This article shows in a general way the great importance of phenomenology as a very significant paradigmatic perspective. It has been very influential for science and philosophy in XX century. Its influence is clear in the most conspicuous authors of existentialism, historicism, hermeneutics, history of science, analytic philosophy, postmodernity; its influence is patent in important personages of mysticism and contemporary religions. The article pointed out the beginnings and influence of the phenomenological movement in Mexican thinkers at the middle of XX century. Here it is shown how the transcendental phenomenology legitimates the perspective of the subject, and is opposed to the lack of will and method to clarify its intentionality, it is also opposed to positivism, and to what Husserl calls “objectivism”. This writing introduces to basic notions as: transcendental phenomenology”, the perspective of the subject, “phenomenological reduction”, “intentional act” and “intencional object”, “the constitutive and the constituent”, to finish with the presentation of what our author consider a “phenomenological psychology”, that is a way to self knowledge of the individual as well as the society.